SMB 3.0 file shares can be used as shared storage for Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012. With this capability, Hyper-V can store virtual machine files, which includes configuration, virtual hard disk (VHD) files, and snapshots, on SMB file shares. There a lot of configurations for SMB and Hyper-V (cluster Hyper-V + stand-alone SMB share, or cluster Hyper-V <> scale-out and etc.). This article covers basic steps for configuration SMB share for Hyper-V through powershell.
My demo: 2 hyper-v hosts (HV01.democorp.ru, HV02.democorp.ru), 1 file server (dc01.democorp.ru . !! it’s not recommended to make a SMB share on domain controller. it’s just a lab!!). 2 network adapters per server. File Server roles are installed by default.
#Create new SMB share on your file server (dc01 - my file server)
PS C:\Users\Administrator> New-SmbShare -Name Hyperv -Path S:\Shares\VM -FullAccess democorp\administrator,democorp\hv01$,democorp\hv02$,democorp\hvcl$
Name ScopeName Path Description
---- --------- ---- -----------
Hyperv * S:\Shares\VM
#Check permissions
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-SmbShareAccess hyperv
Name ScopeName AccountName AccessControlType AccessRight
---- --------- ----------- ----------------- -----------
Hyperv * DEMOCORP\Administrator Allow Full
Hyperv * DEMOCORP\HV01$ Allow Full
Hyperv * DEMOCORP\HV02$ Allow Full
Hyperv * DEMOCORP\hvcl$ Allow Full
#Set NTFS permissions from SMB share
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Set-SmbPathAcl -ShareName hyperv
#Create new vhd on smb share
PS C:\Users\administrator.DEMOCORP> New-VHD -Path \\dc01\Hyperv\VMs\test\testsmb.vhdx -Dynamic -SizeBytes 15Gb -Verbose
VERBOSE: Performing the operation "New-VHD" on target "\\dc01\Hyperv\VMs\test\testsmb.vhdx"
ComputerName : HV01
Path : \\dc01\Hyperv\VMs\test\testsmb.vhdx
VhdFormat : VHDX
VhdType : Dynamic
FileSize : 4194304
Size : 16106127360
MinimumSize :
LogicalSectorSize : 512
PhysicalSectorSize : 4096
BlockSize : 33554432
ParentPath :
DiskIdentifier : 82453f86-1d5a-421f-890b-0a76366f4cbb
FragmentationPercentage : 0
Alignment : 1
Attached : False
DiskNumber :
Key :
IsDeleted : False
Number :
#Create new VM on share
PS C:\Users\administrator.DEMOCORP> New-VM -Name VMtest -SwitchName VM -VHDPath \\dc01\Hyperv\VMs\test\testsmb.vhdx -Path \\dc01\hyperv\vms -MemoryStartupBytes 1Gb -Generation 2 -Verbose
VERBOSE: New-VM will create a new virtual machine "VMtest".
Name State CPUUsage(%) MemoryAssigned(M) Uptime Status
---- ----- ----------- ----------------- ------ ------
VMtest Off 0 0 00:00:00 Operating normally
#Add VM to cluster
PS C:\Users\administrator.DEMOCORP> Add-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -VirtualMachine VMTest -Name "SMB TEST" -Verbose
VERBOSE: Connecting to cluster on local computer HV01.
Name OwnerNode State
---- --------- -----
SMB TEST HV01 Offline
#Check that VM was become HA
PS C:\Users\administrator.DEMOCORP> (Get-ClusterResource).Name
Cluster IP Address
Cluster Name
Virtual Machine Configuration New Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine Configuration VMtest
Virtual Machine New Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine VMtest
#Move VM storage from local storage to the SMB share
PS C:\Users\administrator.DEMOCORP> Move-VMStorage "new virtual machine" -DestinationStoragePath \\dc01\hyperv\VMs -ComputerName hv02 -Verbose
VERBOSE: Move-VMStorage will migrate the storage for virtual machine "New Virtual Machine".
#Check smb connections on hv02
PS C:\Users\administrator.DEMOCORP> Get-SmbConnection
ServerName ShareName UserName Credential Dialect NumOpens
---------- --------- -------- ---------- ------- --------
dc01 hyperv DEMOCORP\Adminis... DEMOCORP.RU\Admi... 3.02 2
dc01 hyperv DEMOCORP\HV02$ DEMOCORP.RU\HV02$ 3.02 4
dc01 hyperv NT VIRTUAL MACHI... DEMOCORP.RU\HV02$ 3.02 2
#Checks that smb multichannel works
PS C:\Users\administrator.DEMOCORP> Get-SmbMultichannelConnection
Server Name Selected Client IP Server IP Client Server Client RSS Client RDMA
Interface Interface Capable Capable
Index Index
----------- -------- --------- --------- -------------- -------------- -------------- --------------
dc01 True 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.201 23 13 False False
dc01 True 10.10.25.22 10.10.25.1 22 12 False False
#Get information about client networks interfaces
Get-SmbClientNetworkInterface
SMB Multichannel:
Virtual adapter vEthernet (CSV):
+ Virtual adapter vEthernet (Management):
~ 200 Mbps using 2×100 Mb adapters
Troubleshooting
If you receive” “General Access denied error” during VM creation or migration, you have to check permissions on SMB share (my share is “Hyperv” + HV01 and HV02 are smb clients) and constrained delegation (notice that you must have installed Active Directory powershell module):
Get-SmbShareAccess Hyperv Grant-SmbShareAccess -Name Hyperv -AccountName domain\comp$ -AccessRight Full Enable-SMBDelegation -SmbServer dc01 -SMBClient HV01 Enable-SMBDelegation -SmbServer dc01 -SMBClient HV02 Enable-SMBDelegation -SmbServer dc01 -SMBClient HVCL
SMB Multichannel:
Multichannel should be enabled (see client and server configuration)
2 or more network adapters
OR
1 or more NICs capable with RSS
OR
1 or more NICs capable with RDMA
OR
NIC Teaming (at least 2 NICs)
PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-SmbClientConfiguration ......... EnableMultiChannel : True DormantFileLimit : 1023 EnableSecuritySignature : True ExtendedSessionTimeout : 1000 FileInfoCacheEntriesMax : 64 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-SmbServerConfiguration ---- ................................... EnableLeasing : True EnableMultiChannel : True EnableStrictNameChecking : True OplockBreakWait : 35 PendingClientTimeoutInSeconds : 120 RequireSecuritySignature : True EnableSMB1Protocol : True EnableSMB2Protocol : True Smb2CreditsMax : 2048 Smb2CreditsMin : 128 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Get-SmbServerNetworkInterface Scope Name Interface Index RSS Capable RDMA Capable Speed IpAddress ---------- --------------- ----------- ------------ ----- --------- * 13 True False 100 Mbps 192.168.1.201 * 13 True False 100 Mbps fe80::590e:87d7:... * 12 True False 100 Mbps 10.10.25.1 * 12 True False 100 Mbps fe80::34ce:f145:...
UseIT | Roman Levchenko 